That black beauty right there is the American Express Black Centurion Card. To make them, American Express harvested the cores of ten black holes and pressed them into little cards of pure consumerism-fueled spending bliss (hush all you physicists).

Want one? You’ll need $5,000 up front to pay for it, followed by $2500 a year in annual fees, plus a minimum spend of $250,000 a year. That’s right. A quarter of a million bucks. Whoo hooo, that’s some serious cash. But look at all the cool features of the American Express Centurion card! (a very extensive review of the AMEX Black by social marketing maven Neil Patel)

If that’s a little too rich for your blood, plenty of other companies are offering affluent banking services:

HSBC Premier

From Wikipedia:

HSBC Premier is the group’s premium financial services product. The exact benefits and qualification criteria vary depending on country, but typically require deposits and investments of at least $100,000, £50,000, or €100,000, or a mortgage of at least $500,000 or £250,000. Customers have a dedicated relationship manager, global 24 hour access to call centres and preferential rates.

Citi Chairman’s Card

This card doesn’t have any application requirements but the $500 annual fee is going to weed out its fair share of applicants. What do you get for five hundred bones a year?

• 24/7 concierge to assist you with hotel, car & dinner reservations, vacation planning & gift ideas
• Annual membership to Priority Pass Airport Lounge
• VIP upgrades & savings at leading hotels. Plus, the benefits of a Hilton HHonors® Gold VIP member
• Private jet services & chartered flight access from providers such as Marquis Jet
• Access to exclusive VIP offers & discounts
• Extraordinary travel benefits, unexpected rewards & personalized service

CitiGold

According to their FAQ, the membership requirements are “$100,000 or more in combined monthly balances, including eligible deposit, credit, investment and retirement products; OR $250,000 or more in combined monthly balances if your first mortgage is linked.” You have six months to reach that level, if you don’t you are subjected to account maintenance fees ($25/mo.). CitiGold also has a CitiGold Select if you have $500,000 in combined assets.

Other perks? If you’re traveling, you get access to CitiGold centers worldwide, which include phones, faxes, and meeting rooms. During an emergency, you can get up to $2,000 from your accounts within 30 minutes, preferential foreign exchange rates, and you can collect call CitiGold customer service.

Bank of America Accolades Card

Bank of America didn’t want to be left out of the affluent banking party and recently began offering their own version of the Black AMEX and calling it the Bank of America Accolades Card. It’s a Bank of America-American Express co-branded card and details of the program are still sketchy, despite it’s announcement a year ago. The “bar” for getting the card appears to be like the other affluent banking cards, $100,000 in assets invested ($295 annual fee is waived).

Forbes has a list of other affluent banking cards.

I’m often emailed by readers to list what I feel are the best reward credit cards currently available. I personally think that “best” is such a subjective term, the best set of reward credit cards really depends on your spending profile. If you spend a lot in a particular category, you’ll want to get the best card for that category and make sure it has a place in your wallet. If you don’t know what you spend a lot on, you might as well save yourself the hassle and get one that works in all scenarios. What you’ll find below is a set that I feel represents the best in their categories and why.

Best Hassle Free Reward Card

The Chase Freedom Visa Signature card is hands down the best card for someone who has no idea what they spend their money on. It’s the best because they take your top three spending categories and they give you 3% cash back on them. You don’t have to keep track of which category is what, they take the top three and give you 3%. There is also a promotion where you’ll get $50 cashback after your first purchase and, if you are patient enough, a $50 bonus if you wait until the card accumulates $200 in cashback before requesting a check.
Runner Up: Discover More card is a great runner up because they offer 5% cashback on a changing set of categories. In July - September of 2008, you get 5% cashback at gas stations and hotels. In the 4th quarter (Oct - Dec 2008), that changes to Grocery Stores, Restaurants, and Movies.

Best “Dinner & A Movie” Card

The card I use for restaurants is the Citi mtvU Card which gives 5% cashback on purchases at restaurants and the movies (and bookstores too!), in the form of ThankYou Network points that can be converted into gift cards. It’s a great card for students because you can get free points for good grades and on-time payment.

Best Gas Card

I profiled some of the best gas reward cards a while back and the American Express Simply Cash lost its place as king of the hill to its brother, Blue Cash from American Express. The Blue Cash card offers 5% cashback at gas stations (and grocery stores and drugstores), which makes it one of the best gas cards out there. There is one downside, the 5% doesn’t kick in until after you’ve spent $6500 that year based on your anniversary date. After the first $6500, where you earn less than 5%, the 5% kicks in.

Best Airline Card

The best airline card is the one that’s run by the airline closest to you. The programs are all pretty much modeled after one another so the differences are minor. If you live near an American Airlines hub, get the Citi AAdvantage World Mastercard. If you live near a JetBlue hub, get the JetBlue Card. Getting affordable fares is more important than the card and you’ll get that by staying loyal with an airline that makes your local airport a hub. I created a list of free miles credit card promotions if you need to pick.

Best Everything Else Card

One card everyone needs is a credit that offers 1% cashback with no limit - for us that card is the Citi CashReturns card. Back in the day it offered 5% cashback on everything, which resulted in a significant savings for us on our wedding, but nowadays it’s 1% cashback with no limit plus a 20% bonus during the first 12 months. When all else fails, we pull out this card for purchases because we know that we aren’t consuming valuable higher percentage cashback possibilities with a “regular” purchase. I personally don’t have an airline card because my Gold Card from AMEX gives me points I can convert to Southwest Rapid Rewards points, so it is in effect an airline card.

What do you consider to be the best reward credit card? Did I miss a category?

The reports of the death of 0% APY balance transfers are greatly exaggerated.

Many years ago, no fee 0% balance transfers were a dime a dozen. It would be difficult to find a credit card that didn’t offer a no fee 0% balance transfer as the cheap and easy credit flowed like wine at a Great Dionysia Festival. You couldn’t open your mailbox because it was stuffed full with special promotional offers from all your good friends at the major credit card companies.

The fee-free frenzy gave way to new terms like app-o-rama and balance transfer arbitrage. People would go on credit card application binges so that they could get as many cards as possible (an App-o-rama) just to take advantage of the balance transfer offer. It was not unheard of for someone to get $30,000 (and that’s just a conservative figure) in balance transfers just to put it in a high yield savings account earning 4-5% APY (that’s the arbitrage).

Now, balance transfers with 0% APY promotional rates are still available but the fees have been re-introduced and the promotional periods are quickly slipping from 12 months to a mere six. The offer now is less attractive to those looking to arbitrage (bank interest rates are now in the 3-4% range, rather than the 5-6%, cutting the interest earned side of the equation as well) but they are still attractive to those paying double digit interest rates on their existing credit debts.

Good for Debt Recovery

I think the credit card companies re-instituted fees because they found an inordinate number of consumers using these offers to arbitrage rather than pay off existing debt. While they can never be sure how someone is using the transfer, I imagine their accounting departments are telling them that the percentage of people paying off the loan after the promotional period is higher than their projects… so something is amiss.

However, their only reaction is to stop their policy of waiving balance transfer fees. Citi has been the most aggressive in this group as many of their cards have a 3% fee and no limit on the transfer fee. Other companies like Discover and Chase will also have a 3% fee but cap the fee at a double digit amount such as $75 and $99, respectively. The cap is enough to dissuade all but the most hardcore balance transfer arbitragers but it makes the cards good candidates for people looking to actually transfer debt.

Watch Out For…

Whenever you take on debt, there are always things you need to be aware of. After years of blogging, watching these offers, participating in arbitrage myself, and reading trade publications like Cards and Payments, I learned that you can get in trouble if you’re not careful.

It will affect your credit history and score. Every time you apply for a card, it’s recorded on your credit history and your score may be negatively affected. Every time you are approved for a card, it’s recorded and your score can be negatively affected. One thing to be very cognizant of is the long term effects of balance transfers (and any credit activity). It doesn’t make much sense to take on new credit card if you’re a couple months away from buying a home. The savings you’d get on the transfer will look like a drop of water in an Olympic-sized pool when compared to your mortgage loan.

Balance Transfer, not Cash Advance: It is very important that you request a balance transfer rather than a cash advance or otherwise ask for a “check.” The confusion comes from when you request it. I’ve known someone to request a “check for their credit limit,” which the CSR conveniently understood to mean that he wanted a cash advance rather than a balance transfer, which is what he actually wanted. Balance transfers often come by way of check, I know Citi does this, so you can see why there was confusion. Unfortunately, cash advances aren’t billed the same as balance transfers. Often times the cash advance doesn’t have the 0% APR promotional rate and the fee structure might be different. One one card I saw, there was a cap of $75 on the fee for a balance transfer but no maximum for cash advances. Be very specific when you make your request to say balance transfer.

Balance transfer fees: The best deals in balance transfers are those that have no fee whatsoever. Those types of no fee 0% balance transfer offers were abundant a year or two ago but are nearly impossible to find now. The next best thing is to find a card that will charge a percentage based fee but cap the maximum they will charge. Many Discover cards have a 3% fee with a $75 cap. If you transfer a balance greater than $2,500, the percentage will be lower than 3% because of that cap. If you transfer $5,000, the fee is now only 1.5% of the balance.

Post-0% APY interest rates: If you’re using balance transfers to combat debt, be very aware of the post-promotion interest rate you’ll be charged. You can often read this off the “important fee, APY and promotion” terms & conditions sheets for each card. What you’ll want to look in the rates section and they will often explain where the rate will go. Many cards will have the balance transfer interest rate increase to the standard APR for purchases, which is often pegged to the WSJ Prime Rate + some percentage.

Default Rules: Defaulting generally refers to when you fail to make a required payment on your credit card. If you “default,” then the credit card company often increases the interest rate on your debt to the Default Rate (also listed on those rate & fee T&Cs), which can be extremely bad. There are also several other events that can trigger a default other than non-payment. In the case of Discover, some cards have a clause that warn a default could be triggered if you exceed your account credit limit twice. The default rate on most cards is a staggering 23.99% - 28.99%, so knowing the rules is absolutely crucial.

A few years ago, some companies began enforcing a concept known as Universal Default, where defaulting on any other loan or payment resulted in defaulting on that card, though that’s slowly been abolished. Check your T&Cs to ensure the card doesn’t have that policy.

Always Be Diligent

The number one rule of working with credit cards is that they require diligence and lots of reading. Every card has its own set of rules, terms and conditions; be sure to review them and make sure you understand everything you’re agreeing to. You can take a few days to review an offer before applying, it’s much easier to change your mind before you’ve sent off your information.

I hope you found this guide informative!

All photos taken by thetruthabout.

The Consumerist posted some information about rental car insurances and credit cards with a great list of the coverages (based on whether it’s a Discover, American Express, MasterCard or Visa card). I thought that perhaps the individual issuers (like Citi, Capital One, Bank of America, etc.) might build off the base insurance so I did some more digging. It turns out that the auto rental insurances offered by your credit card is secondary coverage, not primary coverage.

When I looked at the list of auto rental insurance coverages for Citi cards, I saw that the basics matched the table on the Consumerist. However, this paragraph stood out for me:

Visa Auto Rental Insurance coverage is secondary coverage and underwritten by Indemnity Insurance Company of North America. Certain conditions, restrictions and exclusions apply. Not all vehicles and not all countries are covered. Details of coverage will be provided upon cardmembership. (emphasis mine)

The language under several of the other categories is the same… it’s secondary coverage.

Woah.

From what I understand, secondary insurance kicks in after primary insurance (your auto insurance) or when primary insurance doesn’t exist or doesn’t apply (such as on international trips). The auto insurance coverage provided by your credit card is not the same as the waivers offered by the rental car companies.

When you get the insurance from your rental car company, you’re absolved of all responsibility if something were to happen to the car (you’re still on the hook if you’re at fault and did damage to something else, but that’s a different issue). Your insurance is never called, your premium won’t go up, and it’s as if nothing happened. When you decline the insurance, damage to the car is still covered by your own auto insurance policy.

When you don’t get that insurance and rely on a credit card, when something happens the credit card company will point to the fine print that says “secondary insurance” and tell you to call your auto insurance underwriter. If the demands exceed your primary insurance, that’s when secondary insurance comes in. In other words, if you destroy a Lamborghini, your credit card insurance will kick in.

I think I read that right but for years the advice was to always decline this waiver because you have it covered between your credit card and your own insurance. Am I misunderstanding it?

Despite what I wrote in Beware False Indicators of Bank Health, there is a certain amount of comfort in having a physical bank location to go to. A few years ago, a physical brick and mortar bank meant that you weren’t ever going to get close to a high yield saving account’s interest rates. However, several national brand name banks have begun offering high yield online savings accounts in order to compete for your deposits.

I used the list of the 20 largest banks, according to FDIC information current as of May 2008, and only found five banks that offered high yield savings accounts. I was surprised not to see Washington Mutual (3.75% APY) on the list of the largest 20 banks.

#1 Citigroup - 2.25% APY

This New York, N.Y. based bank had approximately $2,199,848M in deposit assets as of May of this year and Citigroup has a high yield online savings account, known as their Ultimate Savings Account, offering a pedestrian 2.25% APY (They have an MMA offering 2.65% APY with bill pay). They used to have a standalone e-Savings account offer but it appears that you are now required to have a linked checking account and the interest rate is a laughable 1.50% APY. (To find this, go to Citi, click on Banking near the top, then click on Savings in the left sidebar, and look for Ultimate Savings Account)

#7 HSBC North America Inc. - 3.50% APY

HSBC, located in Prospect Heights, Ill. with $493,010M in assets, is also the namesake of HSBC Direct - a high yield online savings bank offering a 3.50% APY interest rate on its savings account. I wrote a review on HSBC Direct recently and was surprised to find that I was able to link the account to other high yield savings accounts (ING Direct in that case).

#11 Citizens Financial Group, Inc. - 3.30% APY

Whoops! Citizens Bank Direct is a division of Citizens National Bank, not Citizens Bank. CNB Bank Direct is still a high yield bank but it’s not affiliate with a top 20 bank. (Thanks zashachic!)

Citizens Financial Group is the holding company for Citizens Bank and they just entered the high yield online savings game with Citizens Bank Direct, offering a 3.30% APY interest rate. I don’t know much else as their online offering is brand spanking new (CNB has been around since 1920) but I did find a brief review of CNB at Bank Deals.

#14 Capital One Financial Corp. - 3.50% APY

Not surprisingly, financial services company Capital One has an online savings account offering called the Capital One Online Savings Account (clever huh?) offering 3.50% APY on balances over $10,000 (you earn 2.50% APY if your balance is under $10,000).

#17 BB&T Corp. - 1.75% APY

It’s almost embarrassing to list this but BB&T offers a high interest online savings account that offers 1.75% APY with no minimum balance requirement and no monthly maintenance fees.

The Rest

These banks were on the list but didn’t have high yield savings accounts. Many had money market accounts but none were strictly high yield savings accounts: #2 Bank of America Corp., #3 J. P. Morgan Chase & Company, #4 Wachovia Corp., #5 Taunus Corp., #6 Wells Fargo & Company, #8 U.S. Bancorp, #9 Bank of the New York Mellon Corp., #10 Suntrust, Inc., #12 National City Bank, #13 State Street Corp., #15 Regions Financial Corp., #16 PNC Financial Services Group, Inc., #18 TD Bank North, INC., #19 Fifth Third Bankcorp, and #20 Keycorp.

List of 20 largest banks provided by infoplease.com (based on FDIC data), Photo by thetruthabout.

Last Friday I discussed the CEO of LifeLock’s appearance on the Today Show and how many of the services they offer are things you can do yourself. So, rather than leave it all vague, here’s what you can do for a do it yourself solution.

AnnualCreditReport.com

Through AnnualCreditReport.com, you can request a copy of your credit report from each bureau once a year. I generally like to stagger it every 4 months so you can keep up to date absolutely free. For example, get your Experian in January, then your TransUnion in May, then your Equifax in September, then Experian again the following January.

OptOutPrescreen.com

Visit OptOutPrescreen.com and sign up. This will significantly reduce the amount of junk mail, including credit card offers, you will receive. One of the biggest ways for your identity to be stolen is by stealing your mail and applying for all those “pre-approved” credit card offers out there. By reducing the number of mailings you get, you close off this leak.

Opt Out Of Internal Marketing Lists

One loophole in the OptOutPrescreen system is that companies with an existing relationship are still permitted to contact you - which makes sense. However, that means that if you have a Discover card, Discover will send you those convenience checks. If you have a Citi card, they’ll send you convenience checks.

I called up Citi and asked them how I could stop receiving those convenience checks. As it turns out, Citi has a central ‘Citibank Marketing List’ and you just have to ask to be removed from that. It takes 30 days to take effect but that will stop those mailings from appearing. Simply ask to do the same at all your financial institutions and they should be able to take you off. Scratch another headache off the list (you shouldn’t be using those checks anyway, so it’s a total waste of paper too).

Fraud Alert

Anyone can call up each of the credit bureaus (TransUnion, Experian, Equifax) and ask that they put a fraud alert on your account. This is a notation on your account that tells the creditor requesting your report to do additional due diligence. These are absolutely free but expire after 90 days, so remember to call back (set it on your calendar). The creditor is not required to do any additional verification, but they don’t want to get screwed so it’s better than nothing.

Freeze Your Credit

If the fraud alert isn’t hardcore enough for you, you can also put a total freeze on your account. Freezing and unfreezing generally costs in the $10 range, though it varies with your state.A credit freeze will stop the credit bureau from releasing your report without your consent. There are a few loopholes though, so it’s not 100% bulletproof. In certain circumstances, an existing creditor can still request your report so who knows. Perhaps if a scammer gets the stars aligned (or the creditor doesn’t care), they can still bust through this.

Here is what you need to do to place a freeze:

• Placing an Equifax Credit Freeze
• Placing a TransUnion Credit Freeze
• Placing an Experian Credit Freeze

Defending Yourself

To be honest, defending yourself requires time and that’s really the only thing companies like LifeLock can offer that you can’t get on your own. You can lay the groundwork but it’s a numbers game, if your number gets called then you have to deal with the estimated 25 hours worth of work required to fix things. One great resources it the Identity Theft Resource Center, staffed with volunteers to help you resolve your identity theft issues.

So, is $10 a month worth them dealing with the headache? That’s up to you.

Update: Sounds like LifeLock’s protection only applies to their own screw-ups… so it’s not even an insurance! You’re paying $10 a month for something you can do yourself.

(Photo: JJ & Special K)

Credit card offers total value: $975.

Here is every credit card promotional offer I am aware of, listed in a handy table along with fulfillment requirements. The only rules about having a card appear on the list is that the promotional offer be worth at least $50 and it must be a mainstream brand like Citi, Discover, Capital One, American Express, etc. No offers available only to a small geographic region, these are all mainstream ones that are potentially available to everyone if you qualify.

They are listed in order of value and I will attempt to keep this list updated monthly. (this list does not include free airline miles promotions, i.e. those cards that give only miles as a promotions, but some of these cards allow you to convert points into miles) For the cards that have (pts) next to the dollar value, which currently is all of them, you will get your rewards in points (which can often be converted into gift cards) and the maximum value is displayed there. $100 in points is usually 10,000 points, but not always, so be sure to read the terms and conditions. Without further ado, here are nearly a thousand dollars in promotions!

Who is eligible for a business card? Anyone can be a sole proprietorship without filling out any additional paperwork. Put in your name as the business name, your social security number as the ID number, and you can apply as a business. You don’t pay extra taxes, you don’t have to fill out any extra paperwork, this is 100% legal and acceptable.

If you know of an offer that isn’t on the list, please leave it in the comments or email me, thanks!

(Fat stack photo taken by Refracted Moments™ on Flickr)

That’s right, we recently received a $1,075.98 check from Citi to go with our $532.45 check last month, all part of the greatest cashback plan in the world. Okay okay, I’m only kidding, it’s probably not the greatest cashback plan in the world but the Citi CashReturns card but it certainly softened the blow of paying for a wedding and honeymoon.

For those of you keeping score at home, and motivated enough to divide 1608.43 by .05, the cash back rebate included not only our wedding and honeymoon but almost all the spending of the last three months as well… but weddings are pricey.

So, how do you leverage a 3 month 5% cashback program as best as possible? Don’t apply for it unless you know you have a large capital expenditure in the next three months! This is perfect for big family vacations, weddings, home improvement projects, or anything else that’s expensive. I think that if you’re thinking about spending $10,000 or more ($500 cashback), then applying for this card is a smart move. If you don’t have anything on that scale, don’t apply! You want to save it for when you will have a big expenditure.

One other great thing about this card is that they automatically send you the rebate check, you don’t have to request it. I think it’s ridiculous that all cards don’t do this.

Liz Pulliam Weston of MSN Money asked five credit card industry experts (basically representatives of companies that run credit card websites) and a frequent flier guru for their favorite cards in one of three categories: travel programs, cash-back programs, and savings programs. Travel programs are those cards that offer miles and upgrades and perfect for those with a lot of travel each year. The cash-back programs are, as you would expect, those cards that offer the best cash-back rebate. Finally, the savings programs are those cards that give you savings towards something, instead of straight cash, such as for a house, a car, or even directly into a brokerage account.

One trend you’ll see is that all of the winning cards are American Express! Is this some kind of conspiracy? Hardly. American Express is less widely accepted because they have higher merchant fees. The higher fees means that they’re able to offer higher reward earn rates because their profits are better. So, in each category you’ll see an American Express card winning out.

Travel Reward Cards

The winner of this category was the Starwood American Express card, a card on my list of $100 credit card signup deals (you get 10,000 points after your first purchase). Number two was the Diners Club MasterCard followed by American Airlines AAdvantage® MasterCard, United Mileage Plus Visa, Choice Privileges Visa, and Citi PremierPass Elite MasterCard as honorable mentions. It’s tops because of its flexible points program and it’s higher than average earn rate; which is around 1.25% if you convert things the right way. You earn a point for each dollar spent and you get 5,000 bonus points for every 20,000 points you spend, which is how you get to the 1.25% earn rate (.25% over the competition). The article lists two very important drawbacks: United, in an attempt to force you to use their card, charges twice as many points as its competitors, and, the typical limitation of AMEX card acceptance in general (less widely accepted because of their higher fees).

Cash-Back Reward Cards

The winner of this category was the American Express Blue Cash with Chase Freedom Visa taking second and the Citi Professional Cash MasterCard and Discover Motiva earning honorable mentions. AMEX Blue took top honors because of it offers 5% cash-back on everyday purchases and 1.5% everywhere else (on its highest tier). It also does not have an annual cap on rewards. This makes it good for high spenders but they recommend trying out the Chase Freedom Visa if you aren’t as big of a spender and it automatically picks your three biggest categories to give you 3% cashback on.

Savings Reward Cards

I thought this category was a little forced but a Fidelity Investments 529 College Rewards American Express wins out followed second by the Citi UPromise MasterCard. Citi Home Rebate Platinum Select MasterCard, GM Flexible Earnings MasterCard, and the NestEggz Visa received honorable mentions. So, why the Fidelity card? It offers 1.5% rebates and can supplement a 529 plan automatically every 50 points you earn. I’m not entirely sure why I wouldn’t get a cash-back card instead, but I suppose it “forces” some 529 saving (in the same way that throwing loose change in a jar is saving).

Personally, I think that you want to always go the route of cash-back. Getting rewards and points and everything is nice, but that just means it’s harder for that money to come back to you. With points, you have to spend it on something in the catalog at the exchange rate they dictate. With cash, you do whatever you want. Also, I think having multiple cards (a max of three) is the best way to go because some cards offer better cashback on different categories. For example, I use a Citi mtvU card whenever I eat in restaurants because it offers 5% cash-back and then I use an American Express Costco TrueEarnings on travel and everything else (3% and 1%). Lastly, we use a Citi CashReturns card to float the purchases for our wedding because it’s offering 5% cashback on everything for three months! Using different cards offers you different earn rates so you can match up the peaks.

Nearly 1 year ago I wrote 50 Fun Facts about Credit Cards, a post that was very well received, so I figured why not follow that up one year later with another 50 fun facts post - this time talking about banks. I like reading about history so the first batch of facts revolve around the central bank, starting with the First Bank of the United States and ending with our current Federal Reserve system (you can see the progression!), then wash that meal down with some more entertaining facts like some other firsts, a few mind boggling statistics, and then some fun stuff like bank robberies and banking sponsorship information. It was fun (and educational) putting it together so I hope you enjoy reading the list. (much like last time, I added in a few bonus facts!)

Central Bank History

• The first chartered bank of the United States was the First Bank of the United States, formed in 1791 by The United States Congress.
• If you want to visit, it’s located at Third Street, between Chestnut & Walnut Streets in Philadelphia; but it’s not open to the public.
• The bank was the brainchild of then-Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton, who proposed that the bank sell $10M in stock to help establish its initial funding. Of the original $10M, $2M would be purchased by the United States. However, since the newly formed United States didn’t actually have $2M, the bank would loan the government $2M that the government would pay back in ten annual installments.
• The creation of the bank was lumped in with an increase in excise taxes on liquor and the minting of paper currency. In order to push the bill through opposition to the excise taxes from southern members of Congress, Hamilton brokered a deal to support a bill that would move the capital from Philadelphia to what later would become Washington, D.C.
• The First Bank of the United States was not the first chartered bank in the territory that is now the United States, that distinction belongs to the Bank of North America. That bank was chartered on the last day in 1781 by the Congress of the Confederation.
• The Bank of North America would be succeeded by the First Bank of the United States.
• The Bank of North America, with national bank charter #1, still exists today and is held by Wachovia, N.A. Wachovia still operates a branch at the northwest corner of 6th and Chestnut in Philly, the site of the original bank.
• As you may have expected, that Wachovia branch is the longest continuously operating branch bank in the US, having been there since 1781.
• The Second Bank of the United States was chartered 5 years after the charter for the First Bank of the United States expired and the Second Bank was again located in Philadephia.
• Why a Second bank if the government allowed the charter for the First Bank to expire? War! The US found itself unable to finance the War of 1812 and thus chartered a Second Bank of the United States.
• There was quite a bit of controversy around the bank, there’s plenty of resources out there to read about it if you’re interested so I’ll skip it here, but eventually it went bankruptcy five years after the expiration of its charter in 1836.
• If you want to visit, it’s located on Chestnut Street between 4th and 5th Streets and it’s open to the public free of charge( National Parks Service info page).
• There was no Third Bank of the United States, or any central bank, for 80 years following the expiration of the Second Bank’s charter. That’s when the Aldrich plan, named after Republican Senator Nelson W. Aldrich of Rhode Island, of fifteen regional central banks was floated and discussed.
• Eventually, the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 instituted 12 Federal Reserve banks, headed by a seven member Federal Reserve board plus a single US currency, a Federal Reserve Note.
• The twelve Federal Reserve banks are located in Boston (1), New York (2), Philadephia (3), Cleveland (4), Richmond (5), Atlanta (6), Chicago (7), St. Louis (8), Minneapolis (9), Kansas City (10), Dallas (11), and San Francisco (12).
• All nationally chartered banks are required to become members of the Federal Reserve System, which means they must buy non-transferable stock in their regional Federal Reserve bank.
• In the 1930’s, the Federal Reserve Act was amended to include the Federal Open Market Committee that consisted of the seven members of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and five representatives from the regional Federal Reserve banks.

Other Firsts (and Lasts)

• Flatbush National Bank of Brooklyn, New York was the first bank to issue a credit card in 1946.
• The first bank to be managed entirely by women? First Woman’s Bank of Tennessee, founded in 1919. Unfortunately, its founder, Brenda Vineyard Runyon, was unable to secure a successor after her health began to fail and it was eventually absorbed by First Trust and Savings Bank of Clarksville in 1926.
• Curious to see a list of all the defunct banks in the United States? Check out this page on Wikipedia, it’s accuracy isn’t known.
• As of this writing, the last bank to close was Miami Valley Bank in Lakeview, Ohio on 10/4/2007. It was closed by the Ohio Department of Commerce, Division of Financial Institutions.
• The one right before that was the much more publicized NetBank, shuttered only a few days earlier on 9/28/2007.
• The first bank Jesse James’ robbed was the Clay County Savings Association in the town of Liberty, it was the first armed robbery of a US bank after the Civil War.
• Barings Bank, founded in 1762 and helped finance the Louisiana Purchase, Napolean’s war effort, and other notable historic events; collapsed after Nick Leeson’s losses of £827 million in Singapore futures contract speculation. It was sold to ING for £1! Barings Bank had been the oldest merchant bank in the City of London. (This was the subject of Rogue Trader)

Stats and Figures (Some Mind-boggling)

• According to the Federal Reserve System’s National Information Center, the top five bank holding companies (in order) are Citigroup, Bank of America, JP Morgan Chase, Wachovia and Taunus (Deutsche Bank).
• As of 9/30/2007, the top five hold $6,775,079,249,000.00 in assets. That’s six trillion, seven hundred seventy-five billion, seventy-nine million, two hundred forty-nine thousand dollars of assets.
• Three of the top five are headquartered in New York City, NY (Citigroup, JPMorgan Chase & Taunus). Bank of America and Wachovia are headquartered in Charlotte, NC.
• In 2006, there were 1,279 savings institutions according to the FDIC. 435 were supervised by the FDIC, the balance were supervised by the Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS).
• In 2005, there were 7,527 FDIC-insured banks with 72,775 branches and 80,302 offices at year end.
• In 1934, there were 14,146 FDIC-insured banks (unknown number of branches) at year end.
• At the end of 2005, the total assets of all FDIC-insured banks was $10,090,355,277,000.00. That’s ten trillion, ninety billion, three hundred fifty-five million, two hundred seventy-seven thousand dollars.
• At the end of 1934, the total assets of all FDIC-insured banks was $46,437,000,000.00. That’s a mere forty-six billion, four hundred thirty-seven million dollars. Inflation adjusted according to the Bureau of Labor and Statistics and you’re talking about $676,801,950,000.00 in 2005 dollars.

Consumer Protection

• If your bank has FDIC insurance, your deposits are protected up to $100,000.
• To check if your bank is FDIC insured, use the FDIC’s Bank Find tool. Just because they say they are insured doesn’t mean they are.
• Credit unions deposits are protected under the National Credit Union Administration.
• To check if your credit union is NCUA insured, use the NCUA Find A Credit Union tool.
• The insurance coverage increases to $250,000 if the account is a retirement account.
• There are over a dozen Fed Regulations and laws that protect consumers, a page on the Chicago Fed website has a list of all of them. You will notice a few popular ones such as the Fair Credit Reporting Act and Regulation CC (how long a bank can hold your check funds as they process). It may make for some dry reading but it’s useful information to know.
• I wanted to specifically call out Regulation AA, Unfair or Deceptive Acts or Practices, which governs the procedures a consumer should follow to report unfair or deceptive acts or practices performed by a bank with respect to the extension of credit. This is especially appropriate nowadays but the regulation spells out specifically what you should do.

Actually Fun / Interesting Facts

• Bank of America has merged/acquired plenty of other banks, the most prominent of which was the Bank of Italy. In fact, when Bank of Italy merged with Bank of America, it was the Bank of Italy’s founder that served as its head. So you could say that Bank of America could’ve just as easily been Bank of Italy!
• The largest cash robbery, about $18.9 million) to have taken place in the United States was called the Dunbar Armored robbery, which took place at the Dunbar Armored facility in Los Angeles, CA. While everyone was caught, about $10M of the stolen loot was lost. It was an inside job and no bank was involved but it’s still worth mentioning, don’t you think?
• The largest cash robbery of a bank was the Loomis Fargo bank robbery in 1997, in which $17.3 million was stolen from a regional office vault in Charlotte, NC. Again, another inside job and the thieves were caught (so was 95% of the cash).
• Moments before the US started bombing Baghdad, nearly $1 billion dollars was stolen from the Central Bank of Iraq and considered the largest heist in history. $650 million was later recovered in the walls of one of Saddam’s palaces but the balance is still missing.
• The N.A. after the name of a bank indicates it’s a national bank, it stands for “National Association.” It means that the bank is chartered by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency.
• The FSB after the name of a bank indicates that it is a Federal Savings Bank or a Federal Savings Association. It differs from a bank in that it’s overseen by the OTS and takes deposits for the purposes of lending it out for residential mortgages.
• Savings and loans are slightly different, they’re like FSBs/Thrift banks but for all types of mortgages, not just residential ones. The distinction is very slight and the lines are blurring among the three types.
• The North Hollywood shootout occurred after the pair of heavily armed thieves robbed a branch of Bank of America.
• The Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act, passed in 1994, has a provision that states no bank may hold more than 10% of the all deposits in the United States. The bill also made it possible for banks to buy other banks headquartered in other states, this was previously illegal.
• Bank of America is the official sponsor of the United States Olympic Teams, the National Football League, the National Hockey League, NASCAR (National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing), Major League Baseball, Minor League Baseball, and even Little League Baseball!
• In the NFL, there are currently five stadiums sponsored by financial institutions. M&T Bank (Baltimore Ravens), Invesco (Denver Broncos), Lincoln Financial (Philadelphia Eagles), Bank of America (Carolina Panthers), and Raymond James (Tampa Bay Buccaneers).
• In the NBA, there are currently five six arenas sponsored by financial institutions. TD Banknorth (Boston Celtics), Conseco (Indiana Pacers), TD Waterhouse (Orlando Magic), Quicken Loans (Cleveland Cavaliers), Key Bank (Seattle Supersonics), and Wachovia (Philadelphia 76ers).
• In the MLB, there are currently five stadiums sponsored by financial institutions. Chase (Arizona Diamondbacks), Comerica (Detroit Tigers), Citizens Bank (Philadelphia Phillies), PNC (Pittsburgh Pirates), and Safeco (Seattle Mariners).
• In the NHL, there are currently eight arenas sponsored by financial institutions. Wachovia (Philadelphia Flyers), Mellon (Pittsburgh Penguins), TD Banknorth (Boston Bruins), HSBC (Buffalo Sabres), Scotiabank (Ottawa Senators), BankAtlantic (Florida Panthers), Scottrade (St. Louis Blues), and Pengrowth (Calgary Flames) RBC (Carolina Hurricanes).
• Blueprint for Financial Prosperity is not sponsored by any bank, but would certainly entertain offers!